In addition, more sponsors (88 percent) today will consider working with a CRO in an emerging market, up from 84 percent in 2014.
What’s driving the trend to emerging markets? As biopharmaceutical companies continue to struggle with the rising cost of drug development, they are challenged to improve productivity and efficiency, streamline clinical trials, and meet more rigorous regulatory and quality assurance requirements in order to sustain profitability — in essence, to achieve far more for less cost. To that end, many are implementing strategies to boost profit margins while reducing fixed and variable costs. As part of their strategy, they are looking to emerging market CROs to help them meet these challenges.
While there are valid concerns about globalizing clinical research, emerging markets such as China, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Argentina, and Brazil play a critical role in advancing medical science. Emerging markets offer a number of attractive features, such as the potential for reduced R&D costs and development time and the availability of a large, affordable talent pool with nearly comparable technical capabilities and skills.
As the trend to globalization of clinical trials continues, sponsors and their CROs seek new solutions to lower costs and improve trial efficiency. Along with fierce competition today for clinical trial sites and an escalating number of clinical trials, they face strong competition for patients in certain therapeutic areas, increasingly complex trial protocols, and increased regulatory requirements. The cost and time to secure well-qualified sites and enroll patients have soared.
For clinical trials, emerging markets offer attractive features, with the potential for faster, less costly clinical trial enrollment and more cost-effective trial conduct. Typically, these markets also have a larger, clinically naive patient population as potential trial subjects than established markets such as the U.S. and Western Europe, and offer a means of streamlining trial costs.
For the minority of sponsors (12 percent) who have not considered outsourcing projects to emerging market CROs and/or CMOs, more than half (57 percent) are primarily concerned that the quality level is too risky, and more than onethird (36 percent) say the logistics are too complicated. Other concerns were regulatory compliance (29 percent), intellectual property (14 percent), and communications challenges (14 percent). According to the survey, global sponsors that outsourced clinical trials to CROs conducted considerably fewer of their outsourced trials in the U.S. and Canada in 2015 (19 percent) than in 2014 (31 percent). India and Western Europe also decreased as locations selected for clinical trial outsourcing (18 percent to 11 percent and 14 percent to 10 percent respectively). Clinical trial outsourcing continues to rise in China (15 percent in 2014 to 18 percent in 2015) and more than doubled in Argentina and Brazil (7 percent to 15 percent). Outsourcing trials also increased in Eastern Europe and Turkey (9 percent to 10 percent), the Middle East and Korea (both 2 percent to 6 percent), and Thailand and Vietnam (1 percent to 5 percent). (See figure 1.) Countries in emerging markets are subject to the same global standards for clinical trials. Local governments have supported the trials, making efforts to improve their business environment and regulatory adherence.
The Nice Insight survey compared the performance of global CROs that have expanded clinical trials to emerging markets to see how their quality, regulatory, and affordability outsourcing drivers compared to the CRO benchmarks and how performance changed from the previous year. Looking at the 2015 clinical research benchmarks for the CROs included in the study, the guiding score for affordability was 79 percent, quality was also 79 percent, and regulatory was 84 percent. These benchmarks are higher than the 2014 levels, with regulatory increasing by 10 percent, affordability up 9 percent, and quality up 7 percent.
When comparing the scores of global CROs with these benchmarks, we found no significant differences in these outsourcing drivers. In 2015, the CRO scores were only 1 to 2 percent below the benchmarks. Looking at the changes in the average score from 2014 to 2015, the data shows a positive shift for regulatory and quality while scoring 2 percent below the 2015 benchmark and improved affordability while scoring 1 percent below the benchmark. These score analyses imply that choosing a global CRO for outsourcing clinical trials to an emerging market is a low-risk approach to addressing both cost savings and securing the targeted patient populations.
FDA regulations require that foreign clinical studies of drugs or medical devices follow good clinical practices (GCP) FDA guidelines. The FDA also requires review by an independent ethical committee (IEC), which should reduce concerns about unethical or poor quality research. In addition, major global pharma companies are increasingly looking to outsource costly pharmaceutical research and development as well as manufacturing to emerging markets, especially for small molecule drugs. Consequently, emerging countries are rapidly gaining strengths in these areas.
A 2015 report by Research and Markets forecasts that the global clinical trial service market will likely reach more than $64 billion by 2020, up from $38 billion at present, and nearly three-fourths of trials will likely be performed by CROs. While developed countries still dominate the global clinical trial market, the global clinical trial service market is split between the developed countries and emerging markets.
The report also forecasts that by 2020, emerging countries combined will likely account for 25.2 percent of the global clinical trial market, up from 15.7 percent at present. More and more trials now include global trial sites, and increasingly more drug development is being outsourced to global CROs. Large global CROs that are already well established in emerging markets are well positioned for success in the increasingly competitive biopharmaceutical industry.
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